Degumming of hemp fibers using combined microwave energy and deep eutectic solvent treatment

Hemp bast fibers were degummed using combined microwave energy (MWE) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) to generate pure hemp cellulose for potential textile applications. The properties of the investigated compared with those alkali-treated several analytical techniques. Results revealed that fiber surface underwent dramatic structural disruption during pretreatment, due removal “gummy” compounds (i.e., pectin, oil, wax, etc.), lignin, amorphous cellulose. treated had much enhanced thermal stability gummy materials. reduced enthalpy (171.34 J/g) MWE-DES at 1:20 fiber-DES ratio as raw (272.09 also confirmed higher fibers. Chemical composition analysis showed holocellulose content in samples increased 98.63% which was comparable (98.87%) Ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) 1:10 was, respectively, 118.11 114.19, meeting requirement UV resistant study demonstrates a potentially effective, less time-consuming, environmentally sustainable protocol manufacturing purified treatment.